Session Notes:

0:00:09   Hello, everyone. This is Qing Peng from the University of Alabama. Today. The topic of my
0:00:19   presentation is above sensor sizing stable on the catalytic lee active shape engineer serum oxide.
0:00:28   And then all, by controlling doping off aluminum can rise. This work is many being carried by coming
0:00:40   in, don't you? She's so young, Onda, Some other old other coursers,
0:00:55   the continent off my presentation today is least here. So we will talk about the background off
0:01:03   serum oxide on these serum oxide the matter offs. And we're gonna talk about why we want to use air
0:01:09   D to stabilize serum Ox. I I don't talk about our Messer, either. Gonna shit. Then we will show is
0:01:17   you the experiment results and our discussion of this results, and we're gonna talk about it
0:01:24   conclusions. And finally, we're gonna conclude with local management.
0:01:31   So
0:01:34   by ground of serum oxide, serum oxide is a generally can be organized into crystal structure like
0:01:41   this, and serum outside basically is a started. They can supply and store auction, for instance, the
0:01:52   reason serum oxide can supply and the stool auction. It's because serum kemayan can switch between
0:01:59   three plus and a four plus for instance, in 40 all sides of serum oxide. If we supply reducing agent
0:02:08   like like caramel oxide, this cover monoxide will be oxidized into CEO too. By taking auction from
0:02:16   the serum oxide
0:02:19   on the other side, it reduced the serum outside. Basically, serums three plus can be oxidized by our
0:02:27   station agent, for example. Oxidizing agent, for example, option to producing staring props 74 plus.
0:02:38   Therefore, we see that serum oxide is a is a sorry they can supply and a store auction.
0:02:47   So basically, now we understand serum outside is a relay to store on a supply auction for catalytic
0:02:54   reactions. Based on this unique properties of serum out sign, it has being widely used it as a
0:03:03   catalyst or catalyst. The support being catalytic converters, solo waters bleeding. Sorry, oxide. A
0:03:11   few sales, for instance, The most important applications off serum outside is as a catalyst support
0:03:20   being catalytic abode. In this case, serum outside is used as a support to support precious metal.
0:03:30   Have you seen it in the cavity converter serum outside? We are store on a release auction depends on
0:03:38   the scenario depends on the reaction conditions. So that's why serum outside is so important. So
0:03:48   here's brief story that off the field off the serum oxide in 19 eighties serum oxide is explored at
0:03:56   auction carriers for catalytic a voter. But people find that serum oxide itself as a pool, so most
0:04:04   ability, and then people did a lot of researchers and then find hope. Serum oxide macro particles
0:04:11   actually has, um, compromise the stability on activity so they can be used in community Kuroda. But
0:04:22   a sense they are very large party, cause they are option Keira capability actually is pretty low on
0:04:28   the need. A very high temperature to activate those options. So then people starting to explore can
0:04:34   we use serum ox and the nano materials, um, to had to enable low temperature surface reduce ability.
0:04:45   The reason is the auction on the surface can be reduced at a lower temperature than the option in
0:04:52   the bark off the serum outside, for instance, most of the surface auction can be reduced at a 400
0:04:58   see below. However, I always though serum oxide that can't see from outside the manor rose can be
0:05:06   reduced at a 400 degrees C,
0:05:10   most of them barker auction in the ceremonies and matter. Rob still cannot be extracted, and
0:05:18   everyone extract the park auction instead remarks and man rods. Then we have to go higher
0:05:24   temperature. But unfortunately, when we go high temperature stare monks and natural starting to be
0:05:31   for me not to limit their commercial on occasion. So this slides basic issues that would wanted of
0:05:38   Sarah Marks and then enter all we can see that serum outside the matter. All this shows up here the
0:05:45   balloon, any shows for the seal oxidation? Basically, they have a lower taking off temperature, Onda
0:05:54   uh, then the man, a cube and an octahedron. So that's as a benefit of the serum marks and an Iraq
0:06:04   compared to the odds of standing rock side. And here, however serum outside, like we just said, they
0:06:12   have poor, so much stability sear marks and that Iran's has a beautiful broad shape. Look. If you
0:06:20   hit them up at 700 degrees C for five hours in nitrogen auction environment, they will be converted
0:06:27   into serum oxide. Nanoparticles lose their shape. The reason is because that matter, Rob has surface,
0:06:37   Post said. That High has high energy, and the Nana Rocks has higher circus era program on their
0:06:44   stomach. Dynamically, this material would like to become war into spears. On the way is more stable,
0:06:51   less active super sites. So how do we stop this parcel as we know that we want to use their muscle
0:06:59   in general because they have only wanted they have low temperature auction activity, oxygen
0:07:05   activation. You have a highest of surface auction program, Simoes. But the challenges We cannot
0:07:12   extract the Parker auction which you need 500 steel ball. I'm Sarah outside minerals only stable up
0:07:20   to 450 degrees C on it needs 450. However, when temperature higher than the 400 degrees. I wonder if
0:07:30   you did You receive that Iran's were changed their shape and then lose the auction capacity.
0:07:38   So how do we solve this problem? So we think about that. Why can't we, you know, add a little bit
0:07:46   more so more stable more somebody stable materials, for example, aluminum oxide onto the surface to
0:07:53   stabilize the serum oxide because at the end, the information off the serum oaks and men around is
0:08:00   because of the movement off of the ceremony. I'll So this lies basically summarized, was a comically
0:08:10   of the position on the used try Miss Aluminum and the water as the core reactors for the older mark
0:08:15   side deprivation. So we all know that if the service has a perfect Ohh, there's a West Group. We
0:08:22   will get a nice model layer by modeler accumulations. Generally, basically, in reality is summer.
0:08:28   Monterey accumulations. You gotta one instrument or cycle or from outside of gross. So Air D has
0:08:36   been used to stabilize ox too stable to stabilize nanoparticles. And there's many serious cover
0:08:44   scenery said that motivated our study. Is that over coating, um, conformers over coating on the
0:08:52   conformers recruiting, then followed by cranking. And then our hypothesis is that air D could form
0:08:59   serum oxide own months at a kosher structure on the aluminum oxide. If the Oldham outside show is so
0:09:06   fine, that auction can diffuse serum outside, maybe becomes so many stable on the auction, still
0:09:14   can't refusing you out. So that's our message. So we basically take the serum outside. The matter
0:09:21   all spread them into cause tube, and then we expose them to a regular room outside. We expect to
0:09:27   form on the outside of shell on, then encapsulate the most serum oaks and that a rolls. So Sarah
0:09:34   marks and minerals is since aside about hydro, some a method on the condition is shown here. So
0:09:41   basically is no temperature process below 100 degrees C on the air. The condition we use we we load
0:09:51   the serum outside minerals, and they keep this. Now, keep this sample at 200 degrees C. Imagine for
0:09:58   more than 730 degree C two to remove, um, moisture, and then we expose it to tear me in the water or
0:10:08   collectively. And then the whole experiment most of the time Istan at 200 degrees C, if not mation
0:10:16   otherwise so here is our experiment result and discussion. So, first of all, what we observe is that
0:10:25   the ha Jin comes up. So first of all, what we started it is the optional storage capacity off pew
0:10:32   staring outside at all. So this is option. This is 100 and consumption. Um, curve. So the area on
0:10:40   the niece the curve means that, um, more hydrogen is being consumed, then means that there's a more
0:10:48   auction is available from the serum oxide at that particular temperature. One. Okay, that let's look
0:10:55   at the stair marks and matter out the 1st 2 tp our window temperature program the reduction of
0:11:01   hydrogen. So you basically wrapping up the temperature while you're full of hydrogen And now you
0:11:06   hydrogen being called soup, you'll see that the taking off temperature is around 300 degrees C and
0:11:11   they have a giant peak. And then the people reduced dramatically at 500 degrees c and then of the
0:11:19   reduced it to a point and this side into taking up. Okay, on the first, a peak is the surface
0:11:25   auction. Hey, that that that hydrogen consumption is from the surface auction on the serum ox and
0:11:32   general, and then this still mustn't on. Then the second peak is from the option in the bark off the
0:11:41   serum ups and narrow, and then the and then you can see that put the state remarks and then a wrong.
0:11:49   There's a giant, um, service auction comes in concentration Monday after the first of cycle TP are
0:11:57   with did the second cycle GPO. So you can see that most on the serum outside of surface auction is
0:12:05   gone, and then the the barker ocean reduction temperature also goes to the higher temperature level,
0:12:14   by the way, the second peak yes, from the bark of ocean. And you can see that after the first of
0:12:21   cycle TV out the second cycle TP I shows that the sample has very small amount of service option on
0:12:27   the the bark. Ocean extraction actually moves to high temperature on a similar phenomena observed.
0:12:34   Even the serum marks and emeralds has to be heated up before the first TV. Outside the heat. It
0:12:40   often means the heat treatment on 700 degrees C five hours eating air so most of the surface option
0:12:47   has bean removed surface auction capacity of speaking. So what's going on? The reason is that the
0:12:54   serum oxygen that around has been deformed into surmounts atmosphere that Nana Sphere do not have
0:13:02   service auction storage, storage capability. The reason is high temperature convert this serum
0:13:10   outside man around to serum out sci fi on the serum. Outside sphere actually is highly crystal
0:13:17   actually still outside. Letter out is highly questioning as well. So then we did 45 cycles on a
0:13:24   mountainside de onto the serum ups and that around unless they that it was happens for they'll
0:13:30   auction hydrogen consumption capability, for instance, than we including that the first several
0:13:39   months and then all the first a teepee on cycle as a reference, How did you can see that the first a
0:13:44   peak is from service option on the six and Peak is from the bark option, but you can see that the
0:13:50   for the serum oaks and then Iran's was 45 cycle air be the first. The TP are they have lose some
0:13:58   surface auction capacity, but you know what? They also have more. But different type of auction
0:14:04   species has been generated that it can be reduced from 482 650 if you consider that the auction and
0:14:17   the auction capacity for reduction before 700 degrees C. Actually, the sample has been treated with
0:14:24   45. Cycle charity is much bigger than the pew, um, serum ox and that are on. You're in the first, a
0:14:31   TV outside. What is more interesting is that this air Detroit example actually is much more stable
0:14:40   on then you can slack with them packing. Enforced during the tibia urine, the ones of pence DPR
0:14:46   cycles their actions. Their auction story auction storage capacity does not change much, actually.
0:14:53   Is we bigger than the ceremonies and laterals up that high temperature treatment? So it means that
0:15:04   40 cycles 40 site, 45 cycles. Total marks at air get actually improve the stability of serum outside
0:15:10   the natural. So what's happened? So basically, what we show is that you know, 45 cycle air de
0:15:18   treatments does not change the morphology off the lateral on. We cannot see it clearly about the on
0:15:25   more force coding off the remarks that, in this case, in this loan resolution of TM But we most of
0:15:31   the more significantly this slide shows that after high turn, put your treatments 700 degrees C. The
0:15:40   manner rod shape is meant pain and that are on the shape these men time I did. That's probably the
0:15:47   reason that the surface auction species is not being totally destroyed.
0:15:55   So then what was the effect off the air? The cycle on the auction stories off the serum marks and
0:16:00   then around. So basically we can see that 45 cycles after high temper treatment is lenses incites
0:16:09   the air de of the high temperature. Treatment is like this one cycle air de of the high treatment
0:16:15   temperature treatment is like this when you can see that, um, the air dislike with definite has has
0:16:22   as a big impact on the auction storage capacity. But half the pen cycles that increasing is not that
0:16:31   dramatic is not that dramatic. You can see that this even pen cycles actually aired. The treatment
0:16:39   can dramatically improve the stability, the so much stability of the auction storage capacity off
0:16:46   the serum oxide matter, all so on. You can see that the news option species has been generated even
0:16:55   of the 10 cycles. So under these actual storage capacity, is we bigger than that? Long Children that
0:17:03   are odds in the second cycle TP are on the lung treated and around after high temperature. So that
0:17:09   is we be so that means the stability off the stage remarks and lateral is dramatically improved. So,
0:17:15   Sara So this slides basically summarized off the morphology changes off the different Air B cycles
0:17:22   and after the high temperature treatment on the sea, remarks and neurons after high temp treatment,
0:17:28   morphology totally changed on the 45 cycles. Air dear Amount side After high temperature treatment,
0:17:34   there's now changed to serum outside than around my college and after one cycle, actually some of
0:17:42   the stair amongst and that Iraq has been changed. The intern atmosphere after 10 cycles most of the
0:17:48   general has meant tended their natural shape. That's probably the reason that most off the auction
0:17:56   storage capacity, the surface auction storage capacity offer the serum ups and that Iraq has bean
0:18:02   presumed when we preserved when we carry more, a king cycle more or room outside cycles. So here we
0:18:12   want to use high resolution tm to show that the what's going on for the serum marks and that Arab's
0:18:17   with 45 cycle air decoding because we didn't see clearly the sickness off the air, decoding in the
0:18:24   previous roll resolution tear. So what you see is that the serum ox and laterals have to censor size.
0:18:30   Basic off, the sensor says, basically is highly crystalline.
0:18:35   On the 45 site 45 cycles Air D or remarks. I actually, we did not see a dramatic amount of steak or
0:18:43   maybe five centimeter. I'm office room outside, each slide over the natural. That's actually
0:18:49   surprised. So which means that you know the aluminum oxide is not a nuclear at a normal way as what
0:18:57   we expected under on the surface that has a heavy pump has a there's populated hydroxide group. So
0:19:07   what's going so we don't know you. So So the question is, is there a olo is the aluminum on the
0:19:13   surface It right. So then we did E Dax. We show that aluminum concentration there are elements, but
0:19:20   aluminum distribution is many under surface and the concentrations in low concentrations in low. So
0:19:26   we think that what happens is that, um our hypothesis is that the T M A basically goes on to the
0:19:36   surface and then reacted with option on the ceremonies and then around, um, basically acting as a
0:19:44   reducing agent, the trimester aluminum on the auction because they will be generated because, um,
0:19:51   some say that the message readings burn off, and then aluminum was substituted. The serum a car
0:19:59   tires, uh, in the serum oxide. So that's probably the reaction we can is. So why do we see that
0:20:07   we're gonna provide a boy? It is for that conclusion. So, first of all, what we show is how did they
0:20:13   are all aluminum's on the surface? As we show here after 45 cycles with definitely say that there
0:20:21   are limits Aluminum to pee peaks. We do have aluminum even though we do not have a very sick 45
0:20:28   cycles. Ah, five centimeters over months on this XPS data actually also indicate that the aluminum
0:20:37   courage actually is very thing. Otherwise, we're probably going to see a very small amount of serum
0:20:42   a serum after Cody trip. But you can see that this serum constant the serum intensity He's not
0:20:49   change much. So there we did a bto arise off x by using XPS off the on serums three plants and a
0:21:00   serum four pass on This figure is from the pew serum outside. As you can see that you see motor the
0:21:08   serums three plus related to serum four plus, that concentration actually is is a low compared after
0:21:19   you treat them with the 45 cycle Newmark site you can see obviously and now you're serum outside
0:21:25   sleep three past speakers more obviously than this serum three plus And here there's amount along
0:21:31   serum street past. So we say that the try mess aluminum probably reduced the serums reprocessed to
0:21:39   serums three full price to see import three paths in addition. What we see is that the pew sitter
0:21:46   marks on that around. Actually, the cover off Pusey remarks unnatural has been changed after the
0:21:53   treatment off the tm of the trimester. This kind of change Also indication indicating that there's a
0:22:00   more serum three plus in the in the particle. So that's one of the evidence. The second evidence is
0:22:09   that what we show it, we show, is by XPS that backs RB. What fun is that? That crystal lattice
0:22:17   actually changes after we did aluminum oxide on there on the serum oxide. As you can see that the
0:22:25   serum outside is a read on this blue. How do you see that at the peak is shifted a little bit and
0:22:31   it's indicating that a luminous three passes open into it into the structures so that the U two
0:22:39   Seita was moving to the larger number but flew into the magic number. So then we did some control
0:22:47   experiment. What we show is that we now we're not do air de cycles. We just do the trimester
0:22:54   aluminum treatment. We say that we see similar shifting off the off the crystal lattice. So what
0:23:03   does that mean? It means that the aluminum, just by trick. Just treating the serum outside with Try
0:23:10   Miss Aluminum. The the latticed constant off the serum outside were changed. That means this the
0:23:17   problem. We're substitute the syrup, um, in the serum particles. Actually, in the previous
0:23:25   literatures, doping has been used to improve the option storage capacity on the stably off the serum
0:23:32   outside. So in this case, that is serum zirconium oxide. As you can see, that stopped with zirconium
0:23:40   oxide after hey, after he treatment. As you know, not 100 degrees C. The low temperature auction
0:23:48   species has been activated, and in our case, our low temperature function species is activated. You
0:23:56   know, that's you do not need to hit them up and up to 900 degrees C. Just there you can get up to,
0:24:03   you know, and 200 diversity will have the smell temperature, um, ocean species, uh, social species
0:24:11   on then, as you can see that, um, the fresh serum outside. Actually, during the cycle, zero lose
0:24:19   their auction, the function storage capacity. So this also shows that the trimester aluminum does a
0:24:25   reactor with syria marks and arrows on a joke. Aluminum. I have cat eyes into the serum outside, so
0:24:34   effects. So that way study Oscar ourselves. So, um, what would happen if we if we can form a stick,
0:24:42   shares off the aluminum oxide onto the serum oxide we are The same phenomena shows up well that the
0:24:52   heating were former crack on the wrong side to generate, um, actual storage capacity. And then what
0:24:59   we did is we tried 45 cycles Air B on 200 degrees C on at 75 degrees at 200 degrees C. We do not see
0:25:08   much amorphous coding, but at 75 degrees C, we see a nice five spot. I'm not a meter. Um, a room
0:25:16   outside codings around the state remarks Asher Done. What we see is after high temperature
0:25:23   treatments, we do not see that low temperature auction storage capacity came up. So what does that
0:25:31   mean? That is the section of aluminum oxide cannot be correct by the serum. Oxana me You heat it up
0:25:40   to high temperature and to release the option storage capacity. So that means the mechanism is not,
0:25:48   ah, sick coding for the better cracking. So that means the mechanism is probably what what we have
0:25:56   hotter size is basically a looming trimester aluminum reduced, um, serum. The serum can I am from
0:26:04   four prosthesis repress and a substitute. Some serum can I am and then from a dope aluminum serum
0:26:12   oxide. So then why 45 cycle remarks at a 200 c cannot for five nana machine on the serum outside the
0:26:23   men reason years and the serum oxide. When you heat it up to 200 degrees C in vacuum, they will lose
0:26:30   most of the surface hydroxide group, as shown by this report. So that means when the TME goes onto
0:26:38   the surface, there will not be able to find a wedge to reactivate. They will react with the auction,
0:26:44   uh, in the serum oxide. So basically the serum out so that we oxidize the try mess aluminum. But
0:26:51   they and then that in the following cycles of air b, the reaction just the reaction religion become
0:26:58   so slow. So the conclusion after this, um, the study is at 200 c. Try mess. Aluminum can reduce. I'm
0:27:09   serums four plus two serum sweet problems and create auction. We concede, because some option is
0:27:15   reactor with is messy group and then aluminum were substitute serum irons on substitution, We are
0:27:25   form a doping. The former doping on the degree of a substitution actually is controlled by the
0:27:32   exposure time off TME. Basically Also, you can say that it can controlled by the cycle off harmony
0:27:38   cycles, exposure TME right. The so much stability on auction storage capacity of serum outside is
0:27:45   enhanced by the aluminum mystery Serene, crossed open. So that means our original hypothesis the
0:27:52   course, your structure on the stole thing. It does not work. So basically was works. Is that the
0:27:59   unique reactions between TM A and serum outside, Sir Monster. Finally, I want to, but we want to a
0:28:09   college funding source, um, A C s patron research fund and the National Science Foundation and the
0:28:15   Department of Energy. The end of the like to thank you for your attention on the I can take any
0:28:24   questions from you guys. Thank you